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A Remix is an alternative version of a song , different from the original version. A record producer or audio engineer uses audio mixing to compose an alternate master of a song, adding or subtracting elements, or simply changing the equalization, dynamics, pitch, tempo, playing time, or almost any other aspect of the various musical components.

Usually, a remix will involve substantial changes to the arrangement of a recorded work; lyrics may be added or removed, such alterations are not a necessity.

A song may be remixed to give a song that wasn't popular a second chance at radio and club play, or to alter a song to suit a specific music genre or radio format .


ROOTS OF THE REMIX

Since the beginnings of recorded sound in the late 19th century , certain people have enjoyed the ability to rearrange the normal listening experience with technology. With the advent of easily editable magnetic tape in the 1940s and 1950s, such alterations became more common. In those decades the experimental genre of musique concrète used tape loops of music and environmental sounds to create sound compositions that were the forerunners of electronic music.

Less artistically lofty edits produced medleys or novelty recordings of various types.

Modern remixing had its roots in the dance hall culture of late- 1960s /early- 1970s Jamaica. The fluid evolution of music that encompassed ska, rocksteady, reggae and dub was embraced by local mixing wizards who deconstructed and rebuilt tracks to suit the tastes of their audience.

Producers and engineers like Ruddy Redwood, King Tubby and Lee "Scratch" Perry popularized stripped-down instrumental mixes (which they called "versions") of reggae tunes.

At first they simply dropped the vocal tracks, but soon more sophisticated effects were created, dropping separate instrumental tracks in and out of the mix, isolating and repeating hooks , and adding various effects like echo, reverberation and delay.

At the same time, DJs in early discotheques were performing similar tricks with disco songs (using loops and tape edits ) to get dancers on the floor and keep them there. One noteworthy figure was Tom Moulton who invented the dance remix as we now know it.

Though not a DJ (a popular misconception), Mr. Moulton had begun his career by making a home-made mix tape for a Fire Island dance club in the late 1960's. His tapes eventually became popular and he came to the attention of the music industry in New York City.

At first Mr. Moulton was simply called upon to improve the aesthetics of dance-oriented recordings before release ("I didn't do the remix, I did the mix" - Tom Moulton). Eventually, he moved from being a "fix it" man on pop records to specializing in remixes for the dance floor.

Along the way, he invented the breakdown section and the 12-inch single vinyl format. Walter Gibbons provided the dance version of the first commercial 12-inch single ("10 Percent", by Double Exposure ).

Contrary to popular belief, Gibbons did not mix the record! In fact his version was a skillful re-edit of the original mix (paving the way for later editing greats such as John Morales and The Latin Rascals ). Moulton, Gibbons and their contemporaries ( Jim Burgess, Tee Scott, and later Larry Levan and Shep Pettibone ) at Salsoul Records would prove to be the most influential group of remixers for the disco era.

The Salsoul catalog is seen (especially in Great Britain and Europe ) as being the "canon" for the disco mixer's art form. Pettibone is among a very small number of remixers whose work would successfully transition from the Disco era to the House era (he is certainly the most high profile remixer to do so). His contemporaries included Arthur Baker and Francois Kevorkian .

Contemporaneously to disco, in the mid-1970s, the Jamaican and Bronx remix cultures met, energizing both. Key figures included Kool DJ Herc (an apocryphal figure whose identity and actual accomplishments are controversial) and DJ Grandmaster Flash.

Cutting (alternating between duplicate copies of the same record) and scratching (manually moving the vinyl record beneath the turntable needle) became part of the culture, creating what Slate magazine called "real-time, live-action collage".

One of the first mainstream successes of this style of remix was the 1983 track "Rockit " by Herbie Hancock , as remixed by Grand Mixer D.ST. Malcolm McLaren and the creative team behind ZTT Records would feature the "cut up" style of hip hop on such records as "Duck Rock".

 

HOTLINKS for MUSIC MIXING COURSES

Basic Mixers Basic Mixing Techniques    Guitar Recording, Producing, Songwriting and Mixing Course Live Sound Mixing, Fourth Ed.        Mixing Course Mixing - Mastering Double Course    Mix Masters Platinum Engineers Reveal Their Secrets to Success Mixing In Pro Tools - Skill Pack    Mixing, Recording, and Producing Techniques of the Pros    Platinum Recording Course: Recording, Mixing, Mastering, Complete Record, Mix and Master like a Pro     Sound Advice on Mixing   The Art of Mixing DVD      OTHER REMIXING COURSES How to Remix Platinum Recording Course: Recording Mixing Mastering Complete Remix - Berklee in the Pocket Series     Remix - The Electronic Music Explosion

 

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